The new Chinese and old Colonial, side by side in central Shanghai
I do not speak Chinese, but
fortunately Google does.
I was sent some interesting links to
some articles from China about Suramin, the potential autism therapy which many
autism parents are eagerly awaiting.
Prepare for a long wait, but hopefully less long in China.
My original post on Suramin for
autism can be found in the link below:-
Suramin, the Purinome and Autism
I have never had a banner appear on my
computer trying to sell me a Rolls Royce until today. This is more proof, if I needed it, of how
much China has changed since my first visit there as a teenager. Back then there were a lot of bicycles; I still
remember many were Flying Pigeon brand – not a name you forget. I just looked
them up and since 1950, more than
500 million Flying Pigeon bicycles have been made - that is a lot bicycles.
I even
went to see a factory still producing steam locomotives in Datong in the 1980s.
They gave you a personal certificate of your visit, which I still have somewhere.
Last
year I was again in China and travelled on their ultra-modern high speed trains. These run on purpose-built tracks, often
running to totally new vast railway stations.
The network is massive with 36,000 km (22,000 miles) in total length and trains
running at speeds up to 220 mph / 350 km/h.
The ride is perfectly smooth and the tickets are not so expensive. The old train lines I used many years ago
still exist and you can still take the “hard sleeper” to travel long distances
overnight for little money, but not quite as cheap as it once was.
Things move fast in China, hopefully so will Suramin
Suramin is an approved drug, but it is almost impossible to get hold of, unless you are in a limited number of African countries affected by African Sleeping Sickness and River Blindness. Suramin is made by the German giant Bayer and the brand name (below) is not very original.
I think the
clever idea is the intranasal version now being developed in the US.
But why not
just put this old drug from 1916 in a metered pump dispenser, in the same way
the Alzheimer’s researchers put insulin in a nasal spray? In autism, Vasopressin and Oxytocin are just popped
into nasal sprays. A few years in this
blog I mentioned Dr Jay Goldstein who was treating people with TRH intranasally
(he wrote a great book called Tuning the Brain – I actually bought it).
Tuning the brain
eventually got Jay Goldstein into trouble. Though long “retired”, he has just
published another book on ME/CFS.
Goldstein also used Ketamine eye drops and nasal spray.
I guess if
he would have been among the first put this old Suramin drug in a nasal spray
and see what happens. It quite possibly would help ME/CFS, as suggested by Dr
Naviaux himself.
We saw in a post in 2014 that
Professor Rita Levi-Montalcini had
the clever idea of using home-made NGF eye drops to stave off decline in old
age. She was the first one to discover
the existence of Nerve Growth factor (NGF). She became the first Nobel laureate
to reach the age of 100. The NGF eye drops did not
do her any harm.
Your eyes are part of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and so an ideal entry point to target the brain. For nasal sprays the route to the CNS is via the trigeminal nerves and not much actually gets through (see below). Due to the blood brain barrier many drugs taken orally cannot reach the brain.
Nose-to-Brain Delivery
The route of transfer of compounds through the nasal respiratory epithelium to the brain is via the trigeminal nerves
A key advantage of the nose-to-brain route is the
possibility of reducing plasma exposure, as has been demonstrated thus
eliminating peripheral side effects.
Simply
dissolving the drug molecule in an aqueous phase has been used to administer
molecules via the nose-to-brain route. The vast majority of clinical studies,
which report pharmacological effects, have involved a solution of the drug in
aqueous media delivered using a nasal delivery device
Oxytocin has also been delivered to the brain via
the nasal route using a solution with a Cmax of 0.003% of a 10 μg dose being found
in the brain. A solution of the human immunodeficiency virus replication
inhibitor DB213 delivered the drug to the rat brain with a Cmax that was estimated at no more than 0.007% of the administered dose.
The addition of functional excipients to these
solution formulations improves brain delivery via the nasal route.
It may
well be that Rita and Jay got it right by choosing eye drops over a nasal
spray. Suramin eye drops? Not as crazy as it may sound. Perhaps in China?
Back to
China
Hand,
foot, and mouth disease is common in children under five years old, but anyone
can get it.
The
illness is usually not serious, but it is very contagious. It spreads
quickly at schools and day care centres.
Hand, foot, and mouth
disease is caused by viruses that belong to the Enterovirus family.
Common causes of hand,
foot, and mouth disease are:
- Coxsackievirus A16 is typically the most common cause of hand, foot, and
mouth disease in the United States. Other coxsackieviruses can also cause
the illness.
- Coxsackievirus A6 can also cause HFMD and the symptoms may be more severe.
- Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) has been associated with cases and outbreaks in East and Southeast Asia. Although very rare, EV-A71 has been associated with more severe diseases, such as encephalitis.
Suramin inhibits EV71 infection
Highlights
·
Suramin
inhibits the proliferation of EV71 virus.
·
Suramin
directly blocks the attachment of EV71 virion to host cell.
·
Suramin can be used as a potential
clinical therapeutic against EV71 infection.
Abstract
Enterovirus-71 (EV71) is one of the major causative reagents
for hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In particular, EV71 causes severe central
nervous system infections and leads to numerous dead cases. Although several
inactivated whole-virus vaccines have entered in clinical trials, no antiviral
agent has been provided for clinical therapy. In the present work, we screened
our compound library and identified that suramin, which has been clinically
used to treat variable diseases, could inhibit EV71 proliferation with an IC50
value of 40 μM. We further revealed that suramin could block the attachment of
EV71 to host cells to regulate the early stage of EV71 infection, as well as
affected other steps of EV71 life cycle. Our results are helpful to understand the mechanism for
EV71 life cycle and provide a potential for the usage of an approved drug,
suramin, as the antiviral against EV71 infection.
The approved pediatric drug suramin identified as a
clinical candidate for the treatment of EV71 infection - Suramin inhibits EV71
infection in vitro and in vivo
Kangzhi Pharmaceutical has the rights to develop Suramin for hand foot and mouth disease in China and beyond.
Kangzhi Pharmaceutical has developed a new indication for "Suramin Sodium" and is committed to the development of drugs for hand, foot and mouth disease
Currently,
there are no specific antiviral drugs for enteroviruses in the world, and
support and symptomatic treatment are the main ones. Clinically, there is an urgent
need to develop specialized drugs to treat patients with hand, foot and mouth
disease who have been infected. Now that Kangzhi Pharmaceutical's suramin sodium for
injection has been approved for clinical trials, it is undoubtedly a gospel for
children with hand-foot-mouth disease and is expected to break the dilemma of
treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease.
Kangzhi
Pharmaceutical has been focusing on children's health for a long time. Under
the guidance of "Children's Health Strategy" and "Excellent
Strategy", the company insists on investing about 5% of its annual sales
in research and development. In 2013, the company took the lead in
establishing a post-doctoral scientific research station with children's drug
research and development as the main direction in China, and was recognized as
"Hainan Children's Drug Preparation Engineering Technology Research
Center" in 2016. In
order to solve the problem of no medicine for hand, foot and mouth disease,
Kangzhi Pharmaceutical has invested heavily in the research and development of
suramin sodium for injection.
It is understood that hand, foot and
mouth disease is an infectious disease that is generally susceptible to infants
and children under 5 years old. It continues to be prevalent at a fixed period
every year. There is no specific medicine for targeted treatment. According
to the statistics of the my country Center for Disease Control, the number of cases of hand,
foot and mouth disease in China in 2018 was 2,533,310.
Obviously, if Kangzhi
Pharmaceutical's new hand, foot and mouth disease drug can be successfully
listed, it will become a major "cash cow" product of the company. By
then, both performance and stock price will be effectively
boosted. However, since this product was exposed by Kangzhi
Pharmaceutical, the outside world only knows that this product will be
"the world's first new medicine for the treatment of hand, foot and mouth
disease", but its final market is still far away.
"The
company has obtained the approval for the clinical trial of the drug, and the
product has successfully completed the phase I clinical trial and will start
the phase II clinical trial. If the clinical trial is successful and the
marketing authorization is obtained, suramin sodium will become the world's
first treatment for hand, foot and mouth. New medicine for
disease.” In the 2019 financial report, Kangzhi Pharmaceutical introduced the
latest development of suramin sodium.
As early as 2015, after Kangzhi
Pharmaceuticals spent 18 million yuan to buy the patented technology of
"Institutions and Methods for Treating Viral Diseases" of the
Shanghai Pasteur Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and planned to
invest 50 million yuan in suramin Subsequent research and development of
sodium.
In
2018, after the application for the clinical trial of suramin sodium was
submitted, it was quickly reviewed and approved according to the special review
route. At that time, Hong Liping,
vice chairman and vice president of Kangzhi Pharmaceuticals, said in an
interview: "Suramin sodium for injection is approved for clinical trials,
which is an important achievement of Kangzhi Pharmaceuticals in the development
of new drugs. The company deeply feels the responsibility. With the help of the
current national policy to encourage the spring breeze of clinically urgently
needed therapeutic drugs, we will actively promote the development of clinical
trials of the drug and promote the market of new drugs as soon as possible to
help children with hand, foot and mouth disease get rid of the disease as soon
as possible.
According to the company's secretary
of the board of directors on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the clinical trial of
suramin sodium is divided into 3 phases, and only phase 1 has been completed.
The time of the clinical trial is uncertain.
It is reported that the new indication of suramin sodium for the
treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease developed by Kangzhi Pharmaceutical has previously
applied for an international invention patent through the PCT, and has
successively obtained invention patent authorization in China, Japan, Singapore
and the United States. The new Indonesian patent authorization will
help to further leverage the advantages of independent intellectual property
rights, promote the research of hand-foot-mouth disease treatment drugs,
benefit the world's hand-foot-mouth disease patients, and enhance the core
competitiveness of Kangzhi Pharmaceutical.
Conclusion
It
looks like there will eventually be at least 3 pharmaceutical companies selling Suramin.
• Bayer
(Germany)
• Kangzhi
Pharmaceutical (China)
• Paxmedica (USA), or really which ever Big Pharma they sell out to
This
is all good news for autism and hand foot and mouth disease.
People
do not like injections, nor side effects caused by your drug needlessly going
everywhere in your body.
The
nasal spray, or eye drops, look a good idea for autism and ME/CFS.
Hopefully
the Chinese will move fast, like their trains, and bring their Suramin to the
market.
In 2008 Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a bill to bring high speed rail to California. The total system length would have been approximately 800 miles (1,300 km). Where are we 12 years later?
The
British are no better with their high-speed rail, but it is a very densely
populated country. China's new rail lines were not built where the old lines ran. Spain actually has really good high-speed trains, that are
not so expensive and a great way to get around the country.
Where
are those autism drugs, "fast-tracked" for approval by the FDA? In the same place
as Arnie’s model train set (going nowhere fast).
Hi Peter
ReplyDeleteIn your link “cause of classic autism”. It says:
“Autism is a spectrum of behaviours and disorders that result from damage and subsequent malformation of the developing cerebellum.”
Do you think this the case universally? My son had an MRI that came back normal, he still has autism, there appear many types of autism some are caused by auto immune system disorders and many other things, where the brain structure appears normal, what`s your thoughts on that?
Its good news about suramin in china I’ve been following Dr Naviaux on this for a while, although it appears research on this in the US has been moving at glacial pace measured in decades rather than years sadly.
Ross, we know that there are structural differences in autistic brains, sometimes small and sometimes large.
DeleteA standard MRI, which is not analysed by machine learning/AI, but just the naked eye, is going to miss small variations. The size of the Corpus Callosum, which is a C shaped bundle of fibers that joins the left and right sides of the brain, is often either bigger or smaller than normal. It is easy to measure, as is the volume of the brain.
We know that the Purkinje cell layer is either depleted or non-existent in autism. This is visible using a special technique called tactography, with Diffusion MRI.
In Vivo Detection of Reduced Purkinje Cell Fibers with Diffusion MRI Tractography in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260487226_In_Vivo_Detection_of_Reduced_Purkinje_Cell_Fibers_with_Diffusion_MRI_Tractography_in_Children_with_Autistic_Spectrum_Disorders
There is the broad area of functional MRI, or fMRI. In fMRI the MRI scanner is not used to scan an image anatomical structure but rather produce an image of metabolic function. fMRI has many applications to show anomalies in autism.
For example, with fMRI you can look for myelination problems, but this will only happen if someone is looking for this. You can identify/confirm certain treatable inborn errors of metabolism using fMRI.
I think you need to know what you are looking for before starting the MRI or fMRI. If you looked hard enough, you would probably find something.
Peter, I'm an ME patient that oftentimes reads this blog. You mentioned Goldstein publishing a new book in 2020, I thought the good doctor passed away a few years ago, do you know the title of the book?
ReplyDeleteMy source is here:
Deletehttps://me-pedia.org/wiki/Jay_Goldstein
The 2020 book has the same tittle as an earlier work. Perhaps it is a second edition or a mistake.
How can we get that Suramin ? Even from china .. or shall we keep waiting till our kids getting old and losing any hope in treatment
ReplyDeleteZain, Suramin is just one of many possible therapies. Some others are easy to access.
DeleteIf you only want Suramin, you can join a clinical trial, or try and find the version produced for Africa. It does need to be injected every 3-4 weeks, so you would need a steady supply.
If that intranasal version is shown to work, this does then become practical for home use. This is the point at which I would myself be interested.
Due to a parent reporting good results with Malarone, a different antimalaria drug but with similar effects on ATP, I have decided to give it a try in a few weeks. The good about Malarone is that it has been tested safe for long term (2-3 months) use in the form of daily pills for children older than 3 months. So a trial of one week should not be an issue and if it helps, you can prolong it or give it in cycles.
DeleteHi Peter
ReplyDeleteHave you looked at PICA in autism? (the compulsive eating of inedible things) My son is constantly putting things in his mouth (anything he can see or find) he chews bites the corner of the wall & wall dado rail. I’ve tried an Iron supplement with multi vitamins for some time now with no effect.
His doctor gave me a look when I initially told him like he`d never heard of such a thing, his pediatrician is not interested after the diagnosis.
I know it could be just sensory needs & part of normal autism, but could it be something else going on? I’m worried he will end up poisoning himself or end up causing further damage to his brain with paint chips etc...
Ross, pica is a very common issue in autism, so much so Autism Speaks published this note, which you may have already seen.
Deletehttps://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/2018-08/Pica%20Parents.pdf
Most interventions are behavioral.
https://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/02/marcus_pica_treatment/index.html
I did note a while back that some kids in the US treated with B12 injections start developing pica, so it is clearly at least in part biological.
I think you could try the therapies that may reduce stereotypy, like NAC or inositol.
I expect pica becomes a “learned behavior” so it just becomes a reflex, like some children twirl/twiddle their hair and then get their finger stuck. The solution here is short hair.
Most stereotypy is what you do when you are not actively engaged in doing something. If you do not already have a small (circa 1 meter diameter) indoor trampoline I would invest in one for Christmas.
Hello, Peter.
ReplyDeleteRecently, my son tested insulin and C peptide. Both reached values below the reference. Do you have any idea what it might be? I have already searched the entire internet and I have not found anything that could shed light. Do you have any idea?
Another thing, I remember that in previous post you said that Lovaas had falsified some statistics (or something like this) to validate the ABA method. Where did you find this? I didn't find it anywhere. It would be interesting for me to have this on hand to discuss with ABA fanatics.
And nice post about suramin. Finally something different that has been around for years. But do you think that it will be approved for autism one day? I have heard that it is a very toxic drug
Low insulin and C.peptide means the pancreas is not working properly, which might happen for multiple reasons, you should consult your son's doctor.
DeleteIn her book The Politics of Autism, Dr Siegel mentions that she discussed with Lovaas his claims that ABA would make 50% of children indistinguishable from their peers. She writes that he admitted to her that he removed children during his clinical trial who did not do well. If true, this means his results are not valid, or more simply he cheated.
Suramin is toxic, as many drugs are. The question is whether the toxicity is a problem if you take it once a month. It is too early to say whether it will be approved. If it is not approved some investors are going to lose their $40 -$50 million.
Hi Peter .What do you think is responsible for vocal stimming .My son is always making loud noises ,honking noises and all sorts but will stop when you say keep quiet and start again .He is having weekly OT and the OT says it’s related to the vagus nerve and to give him sips of water on a straw when he does this .
ReplyDeleteWe have started the polypill clemastine ,low dose clonazepam and he’s on a daily dose of folinjc acid too .I tried verapamil but it had no effect on him so we stopped.
He has an ENT appointment tommroow as he has very large tonsils ,adenoids were removed when he was 3 and I am pushing for a tonsillectomy in the Hope that it might help too.I give NAC too and it helps what do you think could help .We are also on bumetanide but stopped briefly as school is complaining of too many frequent toilet trips .I belive its OCD so I am hoping to start back when school closes on Tuesday .what do you think ?Thanks
Apinke, I think instead of vocal stimming you might consider whether these are vocal tics. These are similar but different.
DeleteRead about Tourette Syndrome.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350465
There is a category which I call Tourette type autism. This is driven by tics, rather than stereotypy.
My son has always had a tendency to stereotypy but only tics on two occasions. On those occasions there were vocal tics and on one occasion also a motor tic (eye blinking). I treated him with a 5 day course of the steroid Prednisone and on both occasions the tics faded away after 7-10 days. In effect I treated it as if it was PANS/PANDAS.
PANS/PANDAS is a sudden onset of OCD/tics and a loss of cognition/skills. The "sudden onset" is what defines it.
There are many therapies for Tourette syndrome. You may not fit 100% the diagnosis for Tourette syndrome, but have a mild variant.
Thanks so much Peter I will read up on it and try and see if I can get prednisone .
ReplyDeleteMany thanks once again
Any research regarding the use of clomipramine in ASD cases and/or comorbidities? I have searched through the blog here, but couldn't find any entry. Thanks!
ReplyDeleteIt looks like this is not a good option for young children, but may work well for adults, based on the two papers below.
DeleteClomipramine in autism: preliminary evidence of efficacy
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1644740/#:~:text=Four%20of%20five%20outpatients%20with,impulsive%20behavior%20with%20clomipramine%20treatment.
This report provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of clomipramine in the treatment of young adults with autistic disorder. Four of five outpatients with autistic disorder showed significant improvement in social relatedness, obsessive compulsive symptoms, and aggressive and impulsive behavior with clomipramine treatment. These findings are consistent with previous evidence, suggesting that serotonin neurotransmission may be relevant to the treatment, and possibly the pathophysiology, of some symptoms of autistic disorder.
A Pilot Study of Clomipramine in Young Autistic Children
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0890856709635255
Conclusions
Clomipramine was not therapeutic and was associated with serious untoward effects in this sample. Young autistic children may be more prone to experience untoward effects than older patients.
Hi Peter is prednisone same as Prednisolone?
ReplyDeleteJust trying to get some from nigeria but I was told they only have prednisolone ,so I was wondering if if it’s the same thing
When you take prednisone your liver makes it into prednisolone. So they both end up the same. You can use either for PANS/Pandas.
DeleteThank you so much .Can I ask what the dosage is for a 6 year old 23kg boy .Thanks
ReplyDeleteFor Pandas they suggest 1-2 mg per kg for 5 days. With steroids it is good to stop slowly. I would suggest 20mg for 4 days and then 10mg on day 5. The pills are often 20mg so this is easy to implement.
ReplyDeleteThanks so much Peter
ReplyDeleteHi Peter. Hypothetically, what kind of doses would be needed if one could procure the Bayer version? Also are there absolutely no reports of parents in African countries having tried it for ASD? Thanks
ReplyDeleteMeghana, the dose used in the clinical trials was:
Delete20 mg/kg Intravenous (IV) in 50 ml saline over 30 minutes
Suramin is only used in the central part of Africa, where two specific diseases caused by parasites are present. In these countries, the big one is Congo, autism is very rarely diagnosed. Congo is very poor and they speak French. I guess if you were a doctor in Kinshasa, the mega-city capital of the Congo, you might treat your own autistic child with Suramin, but I guess we would never hear about it. In this part of the world autism, or MR/ID, is widely seen as being caused by a curse or possession by evil spirits; parents are not trawling the internet for medical therapies.
The only people who have contacted me from Africa, were from Egypt, Algeria, Morocco in the far north and South Africa in the far south. The guy from Algeria was very clued up and had a good idea of how to treat his daughter, based on the science.
Hello Peter/all-
ReplyDeleteLate last year I obtained a sample from China of pharmaceutical grade suramin sodium, they sent me a certificate that it was graded 99%-102% pure. I used the same dose (20mg/kg) as in Dr naviaux trials. I did not administer by iv though as was done in the sat1 trials. I have 2 kids diagnosed on the spectrum. The 9yr old, very high functioning, mostly just has trouble with comprehension now said she didn't feel any different. I was able to give her dose by just diluting in orange juice. My 6yo, is probably considered more moderate to severe on the scale. I haven't noticed any real effects over 3 doses, each dose about 4 weeks apart. His have been given to him in a smoothie. I was mostly looking for improvements in speech.
Anyways just thought I'd pass it onto the community here. I purchased from oriherb.com. I ended up getting a 10g sample for $100 us, thats mostly shipping though. You can also get a kg for $300.
Also no side effects as of now. I really had my hopes up for this treatment like most. Ironically I live in San Diego where Dr naviaux offices are and was hoping to get my son into the sat2 trials, I got impatient.
From what I've read I don't think administering by iv makes a difference but maybe I'm wrong with this type of low dose treatment.
Scott, Suramin is not orally bioavailable. This means that if you just swallow it, none will enter your bloodstream and hopefully the brain.
DeleteThe interesting potential alternative to intravenous delivery is the intranasal route, some researchers think this will work, but others doubt it.
Scott, here is an update of the clinical trial in South Africa:-
Deletehttps://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/paxmedica-announces-positive-results-from-phase-2-trial-of-pax-101-iv-suramin-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-301224425.html?tc&fbclid=IwAR0kpJ9GznJpMk1_2Sv0D53FxFUP0cIp6t0g8tYGTcOS_yNRa1L2pc-Uz9I
It looks good for Suramin.
I think making a nasal spray at home is not so hard. Drug plus saline solution (salt + water) plus excipient (eg citric acid, AKA lemon juice). You squirt it up your nose, but do not sniff it into your lungs, you let it pass through the nose towards the brain. Only a tiny amount will reach the brain. Try it on yourself first.
Thanks Peter. I actually purchased some nasal pump sprayers yesterday thinking the same. Thanks for the tips though, it is greatly appreciated. I'll update with any news.
DeleteScott can yuo tell me how can i get suramin
DeletePeter what about the dosage of a nasal spray how many mg of Suramin i have to out in the spray?
DeletePeople are experimenting with this currently, nobody has released any useful data.
DeleteYou first have to be sure you actually have Suramin. Then you have to consider whether to use just Suramin in a saline solution, or to add excipients to increase absorption.
Hi Scott, any update for your trial on suramin?
DeleteUnderstood. Thanks for the explanation and I'll have to lookup what orally bioavailable means :).... Unfortunately I don't feel comfortable enough to try to do this via an IV.
ReplyDeleteHola primera vez que entro a este Blog estoy sorprendida y ansiosa por utilizar la suramina, mi hijo tiene autismo severo, Diego en donde podemos comprar la suramina
ReplyDeleteHi Peter- do you know of anywhere I can purchase suramin? Africa? China? Also would be willing to travel there if needed.
ReplyDeleteRocco you can buy the research chemical in powder form, but the pharmaceutical form seems to only be available in certain African countries, where it is donated by Bayer. Nobody seems to want to sell the pharmaceutical version.
DeleteI suppose if you went to the rigt African country you might obtain it. It is a corrupt continent.
Hopefully it will become an approved drug in China.
Hi Peter- I was able to purchase the powder form of suramin from a pharmaceutical company in China. Have you heard if anyone successfully using this and converting it into a usable form for children?
DeleteRocco, I am not aware of anyone using the non-Bayer suramin with success.
DeleteOne reader determined that his suramin bought from China was not genuine.
There are serious companies like Sigma Aldrich who sell Suramin for research use. This is subject to quality control and is almost certainly genuine.
The problem is that for intravenous use you should only use a pharmaceutical product. That means Bayer. Later on there will be an approved Chinese version, if it gets approved there.
Hi Peter,
ReplyDeleteAs My son responded well to Pantogam Aktiv, I am sticking with the TMG for a while and would like an add-on, possibly revisiting Pantogam Aktiv or piperine.
Can you recommend a trial doseage of piperine?
My son is around 175 lbs since he is an adult.
Thank you.
Nancy
Nancy, piperine is interesting, but it may affect the metabolism of any drugs your son is taking. For example people often take piperine when the take curcumin, to increase the effect of curcumin.
DeletePiperine may increase the effect of prescription drugs your son may be taking. There is potential to do harm.
Hi Peter,
ReplyDeleteWhat do you think of pine needle extract? I have recently ordered. But as I read this article , I know now that orally its not bioavailable. Can I make a nasal spray of the pine needle extract which has suramin in it? Thank you.
You can try, but even readers who bought suramin have not had any luck making an effective nasal spray.
Deleteguy, i find torsemid in my country. do you think it work like bumetanid?
ReplyDelete